Public Relations money in the 2008 FEC cycle

Public Relations as occupation, 2008 as the cycle

Two FEC fields define the cell: occupation PUBLIC RELATIONS and election cycle 2008. Matching rows sum to $994,605, 1,003 contributions, and 512 donors. PUBLIC RELATIONS in 2008 is an industry phrase on receipts. FEC.gov does not confirm agency employment. The occupation hub is $8,958,749 across every cycle in the aggregate. The 2008 cycle hub mixes every other occupation that used that year. Neither hub restates this intersection; this tie page exists because the two dimensions meet.

2008’s dollar share is 11.1% ($994,605 of $8,958,749). The remainder, $7,964,144, sits in other cycles on the occupation hub. Hundreds of donor keys and about a thousand lines is a mid-scale communications-phrase cell. Correlation between a job title and a two-year FEC window is a reporting overlap, not causation of an election outcome. Itemized individual receipts are the coverage. Unitemized money never appears in $994,605.

The PUBLIC RELATIONS phrase across every cycle

$8,958,749 is the occupation-side denominator. It is not limited to 2008. Publicist, Communications, and Marketing are other occupation keys if stored as different strings. Adding those keys to $8,958,749 would be a researcher-built recode, not this table. Occupation labels are filer-entered on itemized individual receipts.

Open Public Relations donations for the $8,958,749 roll. Open the 2008 election cycle hub for every occupation in that window. All occupations and All FEC ties place this pair beside other occupation-cycle pages without combining dollar figures.

512 donors and a four-figure mean gift

Dividing $994,605 by 1,003 contributions yields about $992 per gift. Dividing by 512 donors yields about $1,943 per donor. Gifts per donor average about 2.0 (1,003 ÷ 512). Those ratios describe this string in 2008, not payroll at firms that employ people with similar titles.

512 is a donor-key count inside the occupation × cycle aggregate, not a headcount of everyone who held the job in 2008. Repeat itemization, couples filing separately, and people who used the string on some receipts but not others all move the 512 figure. The cycle hub still holds every other occupation’s 2008 receipts beside this cell. The 2012 Public Relations join is a different cycle cell against the same occupation total. Do not add those windows.

What Public Relations dollars in 2008 are not

A 11.1% share of Public Relations-coded dollars from 2008 does not mean the occupation caused those gifts, and it does not mean people with that title funded a policy outcome. Occupation and cycle are reported together. The overlap is descriptive. Independent expenditures, committee-to-committee transfers, and unitemized gifts are out of scope.

Federal awards on USAspending.gov are a different ledger. This join does not claim that 2008 donations funded contracts or grants. Quote $994,605 as itemized individual receipts tagged PUBLIC RELATIONS in 2008, source FEC.gov, and stop there.

How to cite Public Relations × 2008

A complete claim names Public Relations and 2008, then $994,605, 1,003 contributions, 512 donors, and 11.1% of $8,958,749, source FEC.gov. Do not convert 512 keys into licensed or employed practitioners. Do not fold independent expenditures or USAspending awards into the cell. Keep both sides of the name—Public Relations and 2008—whenever the dollars are quoted. Mean gift $992 and mean per donor $1,943 travel with those counts; they do not travel with a licensing board.

Occupation hub, 2008 hub, and Marketing as a sibling

The occupation hub still holds $7,964,144 outside 2008. Most of the $8,958,749 roll is not this cycle’s cell. This page isolates the overlap for readers who need both the title and the year, not either hub restated. Publicist, Communications, and Marketing are other occupation keys if stored as different strings. Those titles are not parents of PUBLIC RELATIONS on this page. Gifts per donor in 2008 average about 2.0. That ratio is 1,003 divided by 512, not a measure of turnout.

Questions

How much did Public Relations-tagged donors give in 2008?

The join records $994,605 in itemized individual contributions for occupation Public Relations in the 2008 FEC cycle, from 1,003 contributions and 512 donors. The occupation’s all-cycle total is $8,958,749, so 2008 is 11.1% of that roll. Figures come from FEC.gov aggregates. Occupation labels are filer-entered.

Does this count every public relations who donated in 2008?

No. The 512 donor keys are people whose itemized receipts grouped to PUBLIC RELATIONS in 2008. Filers who used a different title are other occupation rows. FEC.gov does not verify jobs. The cell totals $994,605 on 1,003 lines. Unitemized gifts never appear in this aggregate.

What share of Public Relations occupation money is the 2008 cycle?

11.1%: $994,605 of $8,958,749. The remaining $7,964,144 sits in other cycles on the occupation hub. That share is $994,605 divided by $8,958,749, not a ranking of civic engagement and not a peak-year list. Other years’ amounts are not in this packet except as that remainder.

Where are the live Public Relations and 2008 tables?

Public Relations donations carries the $8,958,749 occupation total. The 2008 election cycle hub places Public Relations beside other occupation strings that year. All occupations and All FEC ties list sibling joins. Original filings remain at FEC.gov. This tie page is the Public Relations × 2008 intersection only.